Improving the design of walking environments in areas where older adults complete "utilitarian" tasks such as shopping, appointments and other errands may reduce their risk of falling, suggests new research.
“Older adults have two times the risk of falling while walking out of necessity than walking for recreation and four times greater risk of injury from a fall on a sidewalk than in a recreational area,” says Wenjun Li, PhD, lead author of a new study, “Utilitarian Walking, Neighborhood Environment, and Risk of Outdoor Falls,” published in the latest issue of the American Journal of Public Health. He is an associate professor of medicine in the University of Massachusetts Medical School's Division of Preventive and Behavioral Health.
Li and co-authors at the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Harvard Medical School and UMass Boston used data from the Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect and Zest in the Elderly of Boston Study, which measured multiple attributes that might affect an individual’s risk of falling, to examine the association between the walking habits of older adults, the socioeconomic status of their neighborhoods and the occurrence of outdoor falls. They found that older adults in poorer neighborhoods do more walking for appointments or errands and experience higher rates of falls on sidewalks, streets and curbs. Falls on sidewalks and streets are more likely to result in an injury than are falls in recreational areas, despite the fact that the those walking on streets and sidewalks walk far less than recreational-only and dual walkers.
“These differences were not explained by individual factors, such as an elder’s health, leading us to conclude the environment may play a significant role,” Li says. “Further research will explore how elders interact with their environment and how to make neighborhoods safer for utilitarian walking.”
